Rubidium publications

2026

High-capacity associative memory in a quantum-optical spin glass

B. P. Marsh, D. Atri Schuller, Y. Ji, H. S. Hunt, S. Ganguli, S. Gopalakrishnan, J. Keeling, and B. L. Lev

Science 394, 212 (2026)

arXiv:2509.12202

Highlighted “In Science Journals.”

2025

A multimode cavity QED Ising spin glass

B. P. Marsh, D. Atri Schuller, Y. Ji, H. S. Hunt, G. Z. Socolof, D. P. Bowman, J. Keeling, and B. L. Lev

Physical Review Letters 135, 160403 (2025)

arXiv:2505.22658

PRL Collection of the Year, 2025.

Selected as an Editors' Suggestion.

Cover of Physical Review Letters.

Directly observing replica symmetry breaking in a vector quantum-optical spin glass

R. M. Kroeze, B. P. Marsh, D. Atri Schuller, H. Hunt, A. N. Bourzutschky, M. Winer, S. Gopalakrishnan, J. Keeling, and B. L. Lev

Science 389, 1122 (2025)

arXiv:2311.04216

Highlighted “In Science Journals.”

2024

Entanglement and replica symmetry breaking in a driven-dissipative quantum spin glass

B. P. Marsh, R. M. Kroeze, S. Ganguli, S. Gopalakrishnan, J. Keeling, and B. L. Lev

Physical Review X 14, 011026 (2024)

arXiv:2307.10176

2023

High Cooperativity Using a Confocal-Cavity–QED Microscope

R. M. Kroeze, B. P. Marsh, K.-Y. Lin, J. Keeling, and B. L. Lev

PRX Quantum 4, 020326 (2023)

arXiv:2212.06716

2021

An optical lattice with sound

Y. Guo, R. M. Kroeze, B. P. Marsh, S. Gopalakrishnan, J. Keeling, and B. L. Lev

Nature 599, 211 (2021)

arXiv:2104.13922

News coverage:

Stanford News: Adding sound to quantum simulations

APS Physics Magazine: A Humming Lattice of Cold Atoms

Enhancing associative memory recall and storage capacity using confocal cavity QED

B. P. Marsh, Y. Guo, R. M. Kroeze, S. Gopalakrishnan, S. Ganguli, J. Keeling, and B. L. Lev

Physical Review X 11, 021048 (2021)

arXiv:2009.01227

News coverage:

APS Synopsis in Physics: A Computer Memory Based on Cold Atoms and Light

APS DAMOP Highlight: Atoms and Light Remember Better

2020

Photon-mediated Peierls Transition of a 1D Gas in a Multimode Optical Cavity

C. Rylands, Y. Guo, B. L. Lev, J. Keeling, and V. Galitski

Physical Review Letters 125, 010404 (2020)

arXiv:2002.12285

News coverage:

"Quantum Simulation Stars Light in the Role of Sound" by Bailey Bedford

2019

Dynamical spin-orbit coupling of a quantum gas

R. M. Kroeze, Y. Guo, and B. L. Lev

Physical Review Letters 123, 160404 (2019)

arXiv:1904.08388

Emergent and broken symmetries of atomic self-organization arising from Gouy phase shifts in multimode cavity QED

Y. Guo, V. D. Vaidya, R. M. Kroeze, R. A. Lunney, B. L. Lev, and J. Keeling

Physical Review A 99, 053818 (2019)

arXiv:1810.11085

Selected as an Editors' Suggestion.

Featured in Physics Synopsis: A Step Toward Simulating Spin Glasses.

Erratum: Physical Review A 103, 019901(E) (2021).

Sign-changing photon-mediated atom interactions in multimode cavity quantum electrodynamics

Y. Guo, R. M. Kroeze, V. D. Vaidya, J. Keeling, and B. L. Lev

Physical Review Letters 122, 193601 (2019)

arXiv:1810.11086

Selected as an Editors' Suggestion.

Featured in Physics Synopsis: A Step Toward Simulating Spin Glasses.

2018

Spinor self-ordering of a quantum gas in a cavity

R. M. Kroeze, Y. Guo, V. D. Vaidya, J. Keeling, and B. L. Lev

Physical Review Letters 121, 163601 (2018)

arXiv:1807.04915

Tunable-range, photon-mediated atomic interactions in multimode cavity QED

V. D. Vaidya, Y. Guo, R. M. Kroeze, K. E. Ballantine, A. J. Kollár, J. Keeling, and B. L. Lev

Physical Review X 8, 011002 (2018)

arXiv:1708.08933

Selected for a Viewpoint in APS Physics:

H. Türeci, A Multimode Dial for Interatomic Interactions.

2017

Supermode-density-wave-polariton condensation with a Bose–Einstein condensate in a multimode cavity

A. J. Kollár, A. T. Papageorge, V. D. Vaidya, Y. Guo, J. Keeling, and B. L. Lev

Nature Communications 8, 14386 (2017)

arXiv:1606.04127

Meissner-like effect for synthetic gauge field in multimode cavity QED

K. E. Ballantine, B. L. Lev, and J. Keeling

Physical Review Letters 118, 045302 (2017)

arXiv:1608.07246

2016

Coupling to Modes of a Near-Confocal Optical Resonator Using a Digital Light Modulator

A. T. Papageorge, A. J. Kollár, and B. L. Lev

Optics Express 24, 11447 (2016)

arXiv:1603.06900

2015

An adjustable-length cavity and Bose-Einstein condensate apparatus for multimode cavity QED

A. Kollár, A. Papageorge, K. Baumann, M. Armen, and B. L. Lev

New Journal of Physics 17, 043012 (2015)

arXiv:1411.5443

2012

Exploring models of associative memory via cavity quantum electrodynamics

S. Gopalakrishnan, B. L. Lev, and P. Goldbart

Philosophical Magazine 92, 353 (2012)

Special issue in honor of David Sherrington.

2011

Frustration and glassiness in spin models with cavity-mediated interactions

S. Gopalakrishnan, B. L. Lev, and P. Goldbart

Physical Review Letters 107, 277201 (2011)

2010

Atom-light crystallization of Bose-Einstein condensates in multimode cavities: Nonequilibrium classical and quantum phase transitions, emergent lattices, supersolidity, and frustration

S. Gopalakrishnan, B. L. Lev, and P. Goldbart

Physical Review A 82, 043612 (2010)

Selected for a Viewpoint in APS Physics

2009

Emergent crystallinity and frustration with Bose-Einstein condensates in multimode cavities

S. Gopalakrishnan, B. L. Lev, and P. Goldbart

Nature Physics 5, 845–850 (2009)

arXiv:0903.2254

Nature Physics News and Views article by Helmut Ritsch.